Abbreviations commonly used for an Oracle DB

Oracle System Identifier (SID)

Transparent Network Substrate (TNS)

Transparent Application Failover (TAF): A run-time failover for high-availability environments, such as Oracle Real Application Clusters and Oracle Fail Safe, that refers to the failover and re-establishment of application-to-service connections. It enables client applications to automatically reconnect to the database if the connection fails, and, optionally, resume a SELECT statement that was in progress. This reconnect happens automatically from within the Oracle Call Interface (OCI) library.

VPD (Virtual Private Database) is also known as Fine Grained Access Control (FGAC) or Row-level Security (RLS). It provides added security capabilities to the Oracle database by masking data so that users only see their private information.

TKPROF (Transient Kernel Profiler): used to convert trace files into more read-able format



Reference: Oracle documentation